La deshonestidad académica estudiantil en cursos en línea y estrategias de defensa, detección y prevención
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55420/2693.9193.v12.n1.44Keywords:
Academic dishonesty, Academic Integrity, Detection strategies, Defense strategies, Prevention strategiesAbstract
La deshonestidad acade?mica estudiantil es un problema persistente en las universidades en el mundo. El ofrecimiento de cursos en li?nea, y especialmente durante la pandemia del COVID-19, ha acentuado el intere?s por establecer estrategias de defensa, deteccio?n y prevencio?n. El propo?sito de este trabajo es exponer algunas de estas estrategias y abogar por las de prevencio?n. Comienza con el resumen de varias investigaciones acerca de la frecuencia de comportamientos asociados a la deshonestidad acade?mica estudiantil en cursos universitarios que se ofrecen en li?nea. Luego, presenta algunas de las medidas aplicadas para enfrentarla. Propone 42 estrategias que pueden ayudar a prevenir los actos de deshonestidad acade?mica en estos cursos.
Metrics
References
Adzima, K. (2020). Examining online cheating in higher education using traditional classroom cheating as a guide. Electronic Journal of e-Learning, 18(6), 476-493. https://doi.org/10.34190/JEL.18.6.002
Belli, S., López Raventós, C. & Guarda, T. (2020). Plagiarism detection in the classroom: Honesty and trust through the Urkund and Turnitin software. En Á. Rocha, C. Ferrás, C. Montenegro Marin & V. Medina García (Eds.), Information Technology and Systems ICITS 2020 (pp. 660–668). Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 1137. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40690-5_63
Black, E.W., Greaser, J. & Dawson, K (2008). Academic dishonesty in traditional and online classrooms: Does the "media equation" hold true? Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 12, 23-30. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ837484.pdf
Bluestein, S.A. (2018). Preventing plagiarism (and other forms of cheating): Advice from students and faculty. New Directions for Community Colleges, 183, 7- 14. https://doi.org/10.1002/cc.20312
Blum, S. D. (2009). My word! Plagiarism and college culture. Cornell University Press.
Burgason, K.A., Sefiha, O. & Lisa Briggs, L. (2019). cheating is in the eye of the beholder: An evolving understanding of academic misconduct. Innovative Higher Education, 44, 203–218 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10755-019-9457-3
Carroll, J. (2007). A handbook for deterring plagiarism in higher education (2da.ed.). Oxford Centre for Staff and Learning Development.
Chandler, S. (September 11, 2019). How technology is being used by students to cheat on tests. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/simonchandler/2019/09/11/how- technology-is- being-used-by-students-to-cheat-on-tests/#5075a08e384f
Cizek, G.J. (1999). Cheating on tests: How to do it, detect, and prevent it. Lawrence Erlbaum.
Comas, R., Urbina, S. & Gallardo, J.M. (2014). Programas de detección de plagio cibernético: Conocimiento y empleo por parte del profesorado de ESO y consejos para su utilización. EDUTEC, Revista Electrónica de Tecnología Educativa, 49, 17pp. https://doi.org/10.21556/edutec.2014.49.210
Conway-Klaassen, J.M. & Keil, D. E. (2010). Discouraging academic dishonesty in online courses. Clinical Laboratory Science, 23 (4), 194-200. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21140791/
Costley, J. (2019). Student perceptions of academic dishonesty at a cyber- university in South Korea. Journal of Academic Ethics, 17, 205–217. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10805-018-9318-1
Elsalem, L., Al-Azzam, N., Ahmad A. Jum’ah, A.A. & Obeidat, N. (2021). Remote E-exams during Covid-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study of students’ preferences and academic dishonesty in faculties of medical sciences. Annals of Medicine and Surgery, 62, 326–333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2021.01.054
Espiñeira Bellón, E.M., Muñoz Cantero, J.M., Gerpe Pérez, E. M. & Castro Pais, M.D. (2021). Ciberplagio como soporte digital en la realización de trabajos académicos. Comunicar, 29, 119-128. https://doi.org/10.3916/C68-2021-10
Evering, L.C. & Moorman, G. (2012). Rethinking plagiarism in the digital age. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 56(1), 35-44. https://doi.org/10.1002/JAAL.00100
Fernández Ramos, A. (2017). Estrategias y herramientas tecnológicas para evitar el plagio académico. En E. Morales Campos (Ed.), La infodiversidad y el uso ético del conocimiento individual y colectivo (pp.253-275). Universidad Autónoma de México.
Foltýnek, T., Meuschke, N. & Gipp, B. (2019). Academic plagiarism detection: A systematic literature review. ACM Computing Survey, 52 (6), Article 112, 42pp.https://doi.org/10.1145/3345317
Gregory, J.L. (2020). COVID-19 elevating the problem of plagiarism: The implied social contract of academic integrity. Phi Delta Kappa Gamma Bulletin, 87(1), 18- 23. 2020-jour_87-1_controversialissuesineducation.pdf (weebly.com)
Grijalva, T. C., Nowell, C. & Kerkvliet, J. (2006). Academic dishonesty and online courses. College Student Journal, 40(1),180-185.
Grijalva, T., Kerkvliet, J. & Nowell, C. (2002). Academic honesty and online courses. http://oregonstate.edu/dept/econ/pdf/cheat.online.pap6.pdf.
Harmon, O.R., Lambrinos, J. & Buffolino, J. (2010). Assessment design and cheating risk in online instruction. Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration,13 (3), 10pp. https://www.westga.edu/~distance/ojdla/Fall133/harmon_lambrinos_buffolino 133.html
Harris, L., Harrison, D., McNally, D. & Ford, C. (2019). Academic integrity in an online culture: Do McCabe’s findings hold true for online, adult learners? Journal of Academic Ethics https://doi.org/10.1007/s10805-019-09335-3
Hernández, M.D. (2015). Academic dishonesty using social media: A comparative study of college students from Canada and China. SAM Advanced Management Journal, 80(4), 45-51. https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Academic+dishonesty+using+social+media% 3a+a+ comparative+study+of...-a0440715100
Hinman, L.M. (2002). Academic integrity and the World Wide Web. Computers and Society, 32(1), 33-42. https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/511134.511139
Howell, S.L., Sorensen, D. & Tippests, H. R. (2009). The new (and old) news about cheating for distance educators. Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 12 (3). https://www.westga.edu/~distance/ojdla/fall123/howell123.html
Hunt, K. (October 28, 2014) China catches 2,440 cheating students in high-tech scam CNN https://edition.cnn.com/2014/10/28/world/asia/china-exam-cheats/index.html
Ison, D.C. (2020). Detection of online contract cheating through stylometry: A pilot study. Online Learning, 24(2), 142-165. https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v24i2.2096. Jendrek, M.P. (1989). Faculty reactions to academic dishonesty. Journal of College Student Development, 33, 260-273.
Kelley, K.B. & Bonner, K. (2005). Digital text, distance education and academic dishonesty: Faculty and administrator perceptions and responses. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 9(1), 43-52. 10.24059/olj.v9i1.1801
Kennedy, K., Nowak, S., Raghuraman, R., Thomas, J., & Davis, S. F. (2000). Academic dishonesty and distance learning: Student and faculty views. College Student Journal, 34 (2), 309-315.
Kibler, W., Nuss, E.M., Paterson, B.G. & Pavela, G. (1988). Academic integrity and student development: Legal issues and policy perspectives. College Administration Publications.
King, D. L. & Case, C. J. (2014). E-cheating: Incidence and trends among college students. Issues in Information Systems, 15 (1), 20-27. https://doi.org/10.48009/1_iis_2014_20-27
Lancaster, T. (2020). Academic discipline integration by contract cheating services and essay mills. Journal of Academic Ethics, 18, 115–127 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10805-019- 09357-x
Lanier, M.M. (2006). Academic integrity and distance learning. Journal of Criminal Justice Education, 17, 244-61. https://doi.org/10.1080/10511250600866166
Lee-Post, A. & Hapke, H (2017). Online learning integrity approaches: Current practices and future solutions, Online Learning 21(1),135-145. EJ1141915.pdf (ed.gov)
Lieneck, C. & Esparza, S. (2018). Collaboration or collusion? The new era of commercial online resources for students in the digital age: An opinion piece. The Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice, 16(3), Article 7. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/ijahsp/vol16/iss3/7
McCabe, D., Trevino, L. & Butterfield, K. (2002). Honor codes and other contextual influences on academic integrity: A replication and extension to modified honor code settings. Research on Higher Education, 43, 357-378. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40196458
McMurtry, K. (2001). E-cheating: Combating a 21st century challenge. The Journal. https://thejournal.com/articles/2001/11/01/echeating-combating-a-21st-century- challenge.aspx
McGee, P. (2013). Supporting academic honesty in online courses. Journal or Educators Online, nco(1), 31 pp. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1004890
Medina Díaz, M. del R. & Verdejo Carrión, A. L. (2011). Estrategias y recomendaciones para la prevención del plagio en el contexto universitario. [Presentación en PowerPoint]. Centro para la Excelencia Académica, Universidad de Puerto Rico, Recinto de Río Piedras. http://cea.uprrp.edu/wp- content/uploads/2013/05/estrategias_y_recomendaciones_en_prevencion_del_pla gio_finalseg.pdf
Medina Díaz, M. del R. & Verdejo Carrión, A. L. (2012). Plagio cibernético: Situación y detección. Cuaderno de Investigación en la Educación, 27, 23-42. https://revistas.upr.edu/index.php/educacion/article/view/13558/11205
Medina Díaz, M. del R. & Verdejo Carrión, A. L. (2008). Perspectivas de la facultad acerca de la deshonestidad académica estudiantil en la Universidad de Puerto Rico, Recinto de Río Piedras. Pedagogía, 41, 149-172.
Miller, C.B. (November 13, 2020). Just how dishonest are most students? The New York Times. Opinion | Want to Reduce Cheating in Online Learning? Use Honor Codes - The New York Times (nytimes.com)
Moten, J., Fitterer, A, Brazier, E, Leonard, J & Brown. A (2013). Examining online college cyber cheating methods and prevention measures. Electronic Journal of e- Learning, 11 (2), 139-146. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1012879.pdf
Mut, T. (2012). La alfabetización informacional: Una aproximación al ciberplagio académico entre el alumnado de bachillerato. Tesis doctoral no publicada. Universidad de las Islas Baleares, Palma de Mallorca, España.
Newkirk-Turner, B. L., Johnson, V. E., & Vaughan-Robinson, L. (2019, May). Using social media for academic help is Dishonest: Students should not post class- related questions to professional social media groups, nor should the professionals respond. ASHA Wire. https://doi.org/10.1044/leader.FMP.24052019.8
Newton, D. (Octubre 30, 2019). Teachers say cheating is more common in online classes. Forbes, 4pp. https://www.forbes.com/sites/dereknewton/2019/10/30/teachers-say- cheating- is-more-common-in-online-classes/
Newton, P.M. (2018). How common is commercial contract cheating in higher education and is it increasing? A systematic review. Frontiers in Education, 3, Article 67, 18 pp. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2018.00067
Olt, M. R. (2002, Fall). Ethics and distance education: Strategies for minimizing academic dishonesty in online assessment. Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 5(3), 6 pp. https://www.westga.edu/~distance/ojdla/fall53/olt53.html
Paulet, K., Chawdhry, A.A., Douglas, D.M. & Pinchot, J. (2016). Assessing faculty perceptions and techniques to combat academic dishonesty in online courses. Information Systems Education Journal, 14(4), 45-53. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1135265.pdf
Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education (2020). Contracting to cheat in Higher Education: How to address essay mills and contract cheating (2nd. ed). Autor.
Robinson, J.A. & Glanzer, P. L. (2017). Building a culture of academic integrity: What students perceived and need. College Student Journal, 51, 209-221.
Reedy, A., Pfitzner, D. Rook, L & Ellis, L. (2021). Responding to the COVID-19 emergency: Student and academic staff perceptions of academic integrity in the transition to online exams at three Australian universities. International Journal for Educational Integrity,17, 32 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40979-021-00075-9
Reyes García, J. M. (2020). Perspectiva de la facultad acerca de la deshonestidad académica estudiantil. Tesis de maestría no publicada. Universidad de Puerto Rico, Recinto de Río Piedras. https://repositorio.upr.edu/handle/11721/2359
Sattler, S., Wiegel, C. & van Veen, F. (2017).The use frequency of 10 different methods for preventing and detecting academic dishonesty and the factors influencing their use. Studies in Higher Education, 42, 1126–1144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2015.1085007
Styron, J. & Styron, R.A. (2010). Student cheating and alternative web-assessment. Journal of College Teaching & Learning, 7 (5), 37-42.
Stuber-McEwen, D., Wiseley, P. & Hoggatt, S. (2009). Point, click, and cheat: Frequency and type of academic dishonesty in the virtual classroom. Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 12 (3), 9pp. https://www.westga.edu/~distance/ojdla/fall123/stuber123.pdf
Trula, E.M. (1 de mayo de 2020). Te hago el examen online por 20€: la nueva situación estudiantil es una barra libre para las trampas. https://magnet.xataka.com/un- mundo-fascinante/te-hago-examen- online-20eur-nueva-situacion-estudiantil- barra-libre-para-trampas
U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics (2021, Enero), Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Spring 2019 and Spring 2020, Fall Enrollment component. https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d20/tables/dt20_311.15.asp
University of Texas TeleCampus, WCET & Instructional Technology Council (2009, June). Best practice strategies to promote academic integrity in online
education (Version 2.0). https://wcet.wiche.edu/sites/default/files/docs/resources/Best-Practices- Promote- Academic-Integrity-2009.pdf
Watson, G., & Sottile, J. (2010). Cheating in the digital age: Do students cheat more in online courses? Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 13(1). http://www.westga.edu/~distance/ojdla/spring131/watson131.html
Young, J. R. (March 28, 2010). High-tech cheating abounds, and professors bear some blame. The Chronicle of Higher Education, 7pp. https://www.chronicle.com/article/High-Tech-Cheating-on-Homework/64857
Zapata, M. (2010). Estrategias de evaluación de competencias en entornos virtuales de aprendizaje. Revista de Educación a Distancia, 1, 34 pp. https://revistas.um.es/red/article/view/243311/184661
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 María del R. Medina-Díaz, Ada Lucía Verdejo-Carrión
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-sa/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Open Access Policy Statement
HETS Online Journal has adopted an open access policy and provides immediate access to its content free of charge to the reader. The journal does not pass on the cost of publication or submission of manuscripts, known as an Article Processing Charge (APC), to authors.
HOJ is licensed under CC-BY-NC-SA.